Evaluate Alternative Measures Which Can Be Used to Reduce...

Unemployment refers to the numbers of people not working and can be measured by the claimant count and labour force survey. There are different types of unemployment and each of them requires different policies to overcome them.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ Firstly Cyclical unemployment or demand deficient unemployment is caused by a lack of spending throughout the economy and generally affects all sectors of the economy because spending is falling. To overcome this, the government needs to introduce policies which seek to boost spending throughout the economy. An example would be a loosening of monetary policy and cutting interest rates which make borrowing for individuals and businesses cheaper. They borrow money which is then spent in the economy which†¦show more content†¦Another problem with these policies is geographical immobility. Unemployment might exist in one part of the country and jobs in another. Getting workers to move might be difficult since some workers will not want to move away due to family or inconvenience.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ Frictional unemployment occurs when people leave their job and search the labour market for something better. This is more of a problem when the economy is doing well than in a recession when fewer jobs exist, so workers tend to hold onto jobs if they have one. Frictional unemployment can be reduced by making information readily available for those looking for new jobs, for example in Job centres or on the internet and by making it difficult to claim benefits when unemployed so unemployed people have to get work in order to have a decent standard of living.†¨ However cutting befits might have a negative impact on those least well off in society and could lead to rising unemployment if those on benefits cut back their spending even more meaning a fall in AD across the economy. This could generate a negative multiplier effect a lead to further rises in unemployment.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ When governments look at policies to reduce unemployment, they tend to look at the short term and then the long term. In the short term, they need to ensure there is sufficient demand and economic growth in the economy to help control cyclical unemployment. This is done by adoptingShow MoreRelatedCriminology Rational Choice Theory1683 Words   |  7 PagesUnder bounded rationality, the offender uses the limits of his skills to evaluate available alternatives and conduct a crime based on his or her ability. They also understand the extralegal sanctions that arise from crime, but they are determined to gain personal gains with the hope of not falling on the legal sanctions and punishment. The main measure used to reduce the crime rates among offenders is the use of deterrence, which argues that it is through punishment that individuals are inhibited fromRead MoreCritique : Minimum Wages And Employment1336 Words   |  6 PagesPennsylvania In this paper, we will be critiquing a research that was performed by Krueger D. Card. We will critically evaluate the researcher’s work by indentifying strengths, weaknesses, areas to improve, and possible extensions of the research. Other areas that will be discussed are research methods used, why the author selected the methods, what other methods could have been used, and why the other methods would have been applicable. The research that we will be reviewing is â€Å"Minimum Wages and Employment:Read MoreWhy Do People Commit Crime?1300 Words   |  6 PagesWhy do people commit crime? 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Children And Their Use Of Technology - 854 Words

Toddlers and Technology Children and their use of technology is a debate that has existed since using technology in a home became customary. At some point in everyone’s earlier years, they heard adults say don’t sit too close to the TV or it will rot your brain out, or cause you to go cross-eyed? It is now 2014 and there has never been a confirmed case of brain rotting or crossed vision due to the television! In recent years this discussion has turned to the interaction young children have with cell phones and tablets. Weekly, if not daily, there are new apps specifically designed for these young minds hitting the market, our toddlers now have dexterity that adults are trying to master! How much is too much? What are the long term effects? Are we raising un-social little techies? These questions consume minds of parents today, and researchers have put much time and effort into researching this topic for decades. The objective of this study was to observe young children in a public setting to see how many were actually interacting with mobile devices. The observation technique used was as a participant-observer, the specific goal to observe the use of mobile technology directly by children appearing four and under in a variety of public settings. At a local restaurant, two toddlers from different families were observed, one was perfectly happy with crayons and a color page, the other begged for his mother’s cell phone until she gave in. Shortly thereafter, during a strollShow MoreRelatedTechnology Has A Negative Influence On The Social Life Of Individuals1213 Words   |  5 PagesWithin our society, technology plays a critical role in our everyday lives. Its prevalence within our environment has ultimately resulted in the change of pedagogical practice. This new age of teaching has demonstrated that technology is in many ways, beneficial within the classroom environment. 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Background points ï‚ · Defining technology (Manches, Duncan Plowman Sabeti, 2015). ï‚ · Providing literature on the relationship between ethics and technology (Hieder JalongoRead MoreTechnology And Early Childhood Classroom1583 Words   |  7 Pages Technology in an Early Childhood Classroom Marsha Kinsel ENG122: English Composition II Instructor Susan Luck June 1, 2017 Technology in An Early Childhood Classroom Even though some experts feel children’s physical health is at risk once they are introduced to technology, it is a must, that early childhood educators do just that. 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Nursing Fundamentals of Lung Auscultation

Question: Discuss about the Nursing for the Fundamentals of Lung Auscultation. Answer: 1. Severe dyspnoeacan be a cause of hypercapnia and hypoxia, consequences mainly from chemically tempted respiratory motor action. The severe breathlessness accompanying with severe hypercapnia is not an image of respiratory muscle action but quite a reflection of respiratory motor action. It has been found that acute breathlessness arises from amplifiedPCo2. Acute dyspnoeamay be associated with a pulmonary or cardiac abnormalities. Cardiac disorders that may precipitate dyspnoeainclude left ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction, intra-cardiac or extra-cardiac shunts, arrhythmias, pericardial disease, valvular disease, pulmonary hypertension and myocardial infarction (Janssen et al. 2011). The patient had a previous record of heart failure which suggest the presence of damaged heart muscle. Respiratory rate is an indicator of serious heart condition. 24 breaths/minute was the most important predictor of cardiac arrest in hospitals. Alveolar ventilation (a product of tidal volume and respiratory rate) is generally cautiously controlled by the activities of central and peripheral lung and chemoreceptors receptors. Ventilation is controlled by in cooperation of the arterial fractional pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCo2) and the arterial fractional pressure of oxygen (PaO2) with PaCo2being the most vital factor. The body efforts to treat hypercarbia and hypoxaemia by escalating both respiratory rate and tidal volume (Janssen et al. 2011). Thus these disorders can be spotted by assessing the respiratory rate. The patient showed a drop in oxygen saturation. It can be due to poor pulmonary function. According to Hoeper and Granton (2011), gaseous interchange could be changed even in mild failures. An arterialoxygen saturation rate under 90 percentorigins hypoxemia. This occurs when blood backs up in the pulmonic veins because the heart cannot keep up with the amount, initiating leak of fluid into the lungs and fluid accumulation in the tissues. It is very essential to note that once the oxygen saturation drops to between 80-85 percent it will rapidly fall away without the support of supplementary oxygen. Due to this cause that nurses should effort to keep oxygen saturations of a patient above 90 percent. The patient had a systolic pressure 170 and the diastolic pressure 95 which is a very high blood pressure of stage 2 level. The pathogenesis of high blood pressure can have different causes. Masip et al. (2012) and many other researchers have revealed a direct connection between the level and duration of elevated blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy. Diastolic dysfunction accompanied by LVH can lead to high blood pressure during heart failure. Sinus tachycardia was observed in the patient (pulse rate 110/minute). Tachycardia arises when an irregularity in the heart yields rapid electrical motions across the heart tissue. A heart failure that damage the heart tissue can cause it to accelerate (Masip et al., 2012). On auscultation crackles at the base of each lung must be caused by the opening of tiny air passages and alveoli collapsed due to exudate, fluid or lack of aeration during expiration. Pulmonary edema secondary to left-sided heart failurecan originate crackles (Bohadana et al. 2014). 2. First strategy to manage Mrs. Browns condition is to stabilize the declined cardiac output. In a short period (3-4 hours) planning of nursing interventions, the patient shall be contribute in actions that lessens the workload of the heart. After 24 to 48 hours of long term care, the patient should be capable to show hemodynamic strength. These nursing interventions include frequently monitoring of blood pressure and pulse rate because patient with heart problems can experience rennin-angiotensin mechanism; monitoring oxygen saturation and ABGs for checking the hearts capacity to perfuse distal tissues with O2 containing blood and implementing strategies to treat fluid and electrolyte inequities as it can reduce the danger for developing of cardiac output as a result of imbalances (Scherb et al., 2011). Providing oral care Q2 can be beneficial for conditions like Mrs. Brown. Venous congestion can result in increased capillary pressure. Fluid leaks out of the capillaries when hydrostatis pressure surpasses interstitial pressure. It can eventually cause edema in sacrum and legs. Elevation of legs upsurges venous reoccurrence to the heart (Felker et al., 2011). Monitoring distended neck veins and ascites indicates fluid overload. Oral care Q2 with diuretic therapy can be valuable for treating these problems. 3. IV furosemide constrains reabsorption of water in the nephron by checking the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter in the thick ascending limb of the Henles loop. This is attained via competitive reticence at the chloride binding sites on the co-transporters, therefore stopping the transportation of sodium from the lumen into the basolateral interstitium. Adverse effects of this drug includes chest pain, fever, weakness, loss of appetite, sore throat, pain in upper stomach and back, breathlessness, wheezing, difficulty in urination, dark colored urine and stool, nausea and vomiting etc. During the treatment with furosemide the renal function should be monitored and renal ultrasonography may be needed. If the patient possess any liver illness, regular checking of the electrolytes is recommended (Fleg et al., 2011). As the body adjusts to the drug during treatment these adverse effects may go away.If any of the problems continue to occur, a change in medication must be done. Glyceryl trinitrate is a vasodilating drug which relaxes vascular smooth muscle and reduces pulmonary vascular resistance by dilating both venous and arterial beds. It produces nitric oxide as an active metabolite which is a potent activator ofguanylyl cyclase. Nitric oxide proliferates the level of cGMPwithin the cell which in turn triggers myosin light chain phosphatase through cGMP-dependent protein kinase. A low blood pressure, headaches, diarrhoea, dizziness, nausea and vomiting are adverse effects of GTN. Caution is essential in vulnerable patients like Mrs. Brown. Reporting suspected adverse reactions after application of the drug is important. It allows sustained nursing of the risk factors of the drug.Lowering of the patient's head or elevation of the legs may be beneficial in case of mild hypotension (Ferreira and Mochly-Rosen, 2012). Estimation of arterial blood gas should be done for examining acidosis. Oxygen therapy can also be given in certain cases. References Bohadana, A., Izbicki, G., Kraman, S. S. (2014). Fundamentals of lung auscultation.New England Journal of Medicine,370(8), 744-751. Endres, M., Heuschmann, P. U., Laufs, U., Hakim, A. M. (2011). Primary prevention of stroke: blood pressure, lipids, and heart failure.European heart journal,32(5), 545-552. Felker, G. M., Lee, K. L., Bull, D. A., Redfield, M. M., Stevenson, L. W., Goldsmith, S. R., ... Anstrom, K. J. (2011). Diuretic strategies in patients with acute decompensated heart failure.New England Journal of Medicine,364(9), 797-805. Felker, G. M., Lee, K. L., Bull, D. A., Redfield, M. M., Stevenson, L. W., Goldsmith, S. R., ... Anstrom, K. J. (2011). Diuretic strategies in patients with acute decompensated heart failure.New England Journal of Medicine,364(9), 797-805. Ferreira, J. C., Mochly-Rosen, D. (2012). Nitroglycerin use in myocardial infarction patients: risks and benefits.Circulation journal: official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society,76(1), 15. Fleg, J. L., Aronow, W. S., Frishman, W. H. (2011). Cardiovascular drug therapy in the elderly: benefits and challenges.Nature Reviews Cardiology,8(1), 13-28. Hoeper, M. M., Granton, J. (2011). Intensive care unit management of patients with severe pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine,184(10), 1114-1124. Janssen, D. J., Spruit, M. A., Uszko-Lencer, N. H., Schols, J. M., Wouters, E. F. (2011). Symptoms, comorbidities, and health care in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or chronic heart failure. Journal of palliative medicine,14(6), 735-743. Katz, A. M., Konstam, M. A. (2012).Heart failure: pathophysiology, molecular biology, and clinical management. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Masip, J., Gay, M., Pez, J., Betbes, A., Vecilla, F., Manresa, R., Ruz, P. (2012). Pulse oximetry in the diagnosis of acute heart failure.Revista Espaola de Cardiologa (English Edition),65(10), 879-884. Scherb, C. A., Head, B. J., Maas, M. L., Swanson, E. A., Moorhead, S., Reed, D., ... Kozel, M. (2011). Most Frequent Nursing Diagnoses, Nursing Interventions, and Nursingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Sensitive Patient Outcomes of Hospitalized Older Adults With Heart Failure: Part 1.International journal of nursing terminologies and classifications,22(1), 13-22. Tanai, E., Frantz, S. (2014). Pathophysiology of heart failure. Comprehensive Physiology.

The Watcher Essays - English-language Films, Bird, Charlie Parker

The Watcher The Watcher Guy Vanderhaeghe This incredible short story is about a little boy named Charlie Bradley, who isn't like all the other kids his age. He was a very sick boy. Charlie had a loving mother who cared for him when he was sick. They seemed to have both one terrible thing in common, a bad chest. The Bradleys did not own a television set, so Charlie had to find different means of entertainment on his long sick days at home. He learned that if he kept quiet and still, the adults would have labeled him to be part of the furniture. On his days home, Charlie received glimpses into the adult world of common topics like misery and scandals. These relations and encounters with the adults had drastically matured Charlie before his time. Later on that year, Mabel Bradley, his mother, was sent to the hospital because the condition of her chest had worsened. When Charlie's mother got sick, his father took charge of the chores in the house. Charlie did not like his father very much, he described him as a desolate, lanky, drooping weed of a man who married late in his life but nevertheless had been easily domesticated.?(3) His mother's sickness and departure seriously afflicted his father. In spite of the fact that Charlie portrays of his father, he was a soft and sentimental man who loved his wife. Once he had the chance to dispose of Charlie, he went to visit his wife in the hospital. Although they are father and son, Charlie does not seem to appreciate the time he spends with him. At the end of the school year, Charlie was shipped off to his grandmother's, Grandma Bradley. Grandma Bradley was a striking woman. She was six feet tall, strong, hefty and in terrific shape for he age. Charlie's grandmother loved to spend her free time in town playing bridge, canasta or whist. She did not care much for her health and smoked sixty, thin individually rolled cigarettes a day. Grandma Bradley lived on a farm in a two-story house, with two mountainous piles of manure in the abandoned barn out back. She took care of all the families problems. Charlie's cousin Criselda was sent there when she became pregnant and his uncles Ernie and Ed stayed at their mother's to hide from people. His grandmother is not very open-minded and says what's on her mind at any time. For example as soon as Charlie's father's maroon Meteor, car, pulled out of the drive way she stated; ?I don't chew my words twice. If you're like any of the rest of them I've had here, you've been raised as wild as a goddamn Indian. Not one of my grandchildren have brought up to mind? I don't jaw and blow ho t air to jaw and blow hot air. I belted your father when he needed it, and make no mistake I'll belt you. Is that understood (6). She acted like a military officer from the Second World War. Charlie did not like staying on the farm there was never anything fun to do. The one thing Charlie enjoyed doing was, hiding in the corn patches spying on people and eating corn on the hottest days. On her farm she did not have any animals except for chickens. Grandma Bradley openly admitted she enjoyed slaughtering them when the time came. Stanley the rooster fascinated Charlie. Stanley was the only one of the birds that he felt pity for. He spent all his days chained to a stick by a piece of bailer twine looped around his leg. In captivity, poor Stanley's comb drooped pathetically, watching all the other chickens running restlessly in field. Mrs. Bradley kept him there to prevent Stanley from fertilizing the eggs and creating blood spots in the yolks. Charlie treated Stanley like a pet dog; he walked him around the barn until he started to get out of hand. Stanley was afraid of Charlie. As Charlie approached him, Stanley would start to tug severely on the twine rapped around his leg until he would fall and let Charlie stroke him. One day filled with anxiety Charlie approached Stanley. Calling his name out a numerous amount of